Q: How does the calculator determine how round I am?
A: We use your height and waist circumference to produce an oval (also known as an
ellipse) to approximate your body shape. Then we calculate how close the oval is to
being a circle using a number called eccentricity. There is more detailed information
about eccentricity on the tab titled “About this model”.
Q: How was the healthy zone in the diagram computed?
A: We used equations that relate roundness to percent fat and determined the green
ranges by substituting in the healthy age-dependent body fat ranges published in [1].
Q: What is being estimated in total percent body fat?
A: Total percent body fat represents the percentage of your total body mass that is
fat mass. Note, that this number does not tell you how your personal fat mass is distributed.
Fat mass is distributed differently in different individuals. This distribution depends
on many factors such as age, height, gender, physical activity levels, and diet.
Q: What is visceral adipose tissue?
A: Visceral adipose tissue is located inside the abdominal cavity and surrounds internal
organs like the liver and the intestine. Excess fat storage in this depot leads to
a high waist circumference and is often referred to as abdominal fat distribution
or belly fat. High amounts of visceral adipose tissue is closely related to type 2
diabetes, cardiovascular disease (e.g. the risk of heart attack and stroke), and increased
mortality. [2, 3].
Q: Is waist circumference a sufficient input in the calculator to get a good prediction?
A: Waist circumference predicts total percent body fat fairly well (over 88% of the
variance is explained by including waist circumference) and percent visceral adipose
tissue (70% of the variance is explained), however, including hip circumference raises
the accuracy of the prediction. We highly recommend entering both if possible. We
recognize that a completed experiment may not have access to hip circumference and
may still want to analyze data using the calculator, which is why we have this option.
Q: Why do I need to include my race?
A: We found that race is a factor for predicting body fat and visceral fat. Including
your race will allow for the most accurate prediction of your percent body fat and
percent visceral adipose tissue without directly measuring you using clinical methods.
None of the inputted information is recorded, tracked, or saved.
Q: I am out of the zone. What can I do?
A: You should bring this information to your doctor or health care provider to find
out what the best strategies may be to improve your health.
1. Gallagher, D., et al., Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing
guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000. 72(3): p. 694-701.
2. Kuk, J.L., et al., Visceral fat is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality
in men. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2006. 14(2): p. 336-41.
3. Despres, J.P., Cardiovascular disease under the influence of excess visceral fat.
Crit Pathw Cardiol, 2007. 6(2): p. 51-9.